Research note · 4 min

The blank field problem: why a missing price is never averaged

Averages are how a comparison quietly invents the data it could not find.

Published September 15, 2026

Two failures, one habit

Treat a blank as zero and a program looks cheaper than it is. Treat a blank as the average of the others and a program looks more expensive than the evidence supports. Both produce a number that no provider ever published.

The guide does neither. A field with no source stays null, renders as not established, and scores nothing in the component it belongs to.

The visible cost of that choice

Several programs in this dataset score lower than their price alone would suggest, because one fee is unpriced. That is the intended outcome: a comparison should show where the evidence stops.